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visual3d:tutorials:modeling:rab_upper_extremity_model [2024/06/19 14:06] – created sgrangervisual3d:tutorials:modeling:rab_upper_extremity_model [2024/07/17 15:47] (current) – created sgranger
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 +====== Rab Upper Extremity Model ======
 +
 \\ \\
 **This page is usable, but still under construction** **This page is usable, but still under construction**
  
-====== Introduction ======+===== Introduction =====
  
 Model based on the upper extremity model developed by Dr. George Rab, Kyria Petuskey, and Anita Bagley from Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California. Refer to their paper "A Method for Determination of Upper Extremity Kinematics" Gait & Posture 15 (2002) 113-119 for the exact model specifics. [[[http://www.iprmd.org/downloads/publications/bagley/A_Method_for_Determination_of_Upper_Extremity_Kinematics.pdf|[1]]]] and a follow up article, Petuskey K, Bagley A, Abdala E, James M, Rab G (2007) Upper extremity kinematics during functional activities: Three-dimensional studies in a normal pediatric population. Gait & Posture 25, 573-579.[[[http://www.iprmd.org/downloads/publications/james/27_Upper.pdf|Download is available here]]] Model based on the upper extremity model developed by Dr. George Rab, Kyria Petuskey, and Anita Bagley from Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California. Refer to their paper "A Method for Determination of Upper Extremity Kinematics" Gait & Posture 15 (2002) 113-119 for the exact model specifics. [[[http://www.iprmd.org/downloads/publications/bagley/A_Method_for_Determination_of_Upper_Extremity_Kinematics.pdf|[1]]]] and a follow up article, Petuskey K, Bagley A, Abdala E, James M, Rab G (2007) Upper extremity kinematics during functional activities: Three-dimensional studies in a normal pediatric population. Gait & Posture 25, 573-579.[[[http://www.iprmd.org/downloads/publications/james/27_Upper.pdf|Download is available here]]]
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 **Note** that this represents a minimal marker set and minimal model of the upper extremities. This model is useful for gait analysis, but is insufficient for analyses of most upper extremity biomechanics. **Note** that this represents a minimal marker set and minimal model of the upper extremities. This model is useful for gait analysis, but is insufficient for analyses of most upper extremity biomechanics.
  
-===== Model Specifics =====+==== Model Specifics ====
  
 The following is a quick overview of the axes definitions. The Rab model axes are consistent with the Visual3D default axes (from anatomic neutral position & following the right-hand rule: X directed laterally to the right, Y directed forward (Anteriorly), and Z axis directed upward (Superiorly)). The following is a quick overview of the axes definitions. The Rab model axes are consistent with the Visual3D default axes (from anatomic neutral position & following the right-hand rule: X directed laterally to the right, Y directed forward (Anteriorly), and Z axis directed upward (Superiorly)).
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 Joint angles are defined using the default Visual3D Cardan sequence XYZ, which corresponds to forward flexion of the proximal segment, abduction, and axial rotation of the distal segment. Joint angles are defined using the default Visual3D Cardan sequence XYZ, which corresponds to forward flexion of the proximal segment, abduction, and axial rotation of the distal segment.
  
-====== Example C3D Files ======+===== Example C3D Files =====
  
 [[[https://www.has-motion.com/download/examples/RAB_UE.zip|RAB_UE.zip]]] [[[https://www.has-motion.com/download/examples/RAB_UE.zip|RAB_UE.zip]]]
  
-====== Marker Placement ======+===== Marker Placement =====
  
 The model has 18 marker locations. The model has 18 marker locations.
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   * **Pelvis:** The pelvis markers reflect the locations for the Coda pelvis: left ASIS, right ASIS, and Sacral marker.   * **Pelvis:** The pelvis markers reflect the locations for the Coda pelvis: left ASIS, right ASIS, and Sacral marker.
  
-{{RabMarkerLocation.jpg}}+{{:RabMarkerLocation.jpg}}
  
-====== Visual 3D Model Construction ======+===== Visual 3D Model Construction =====
  
 Create a model using the example file **static_Rabue.c3d** Create a model using the example file **static_Rabue.c3d**
  
-{{Rab1.jpg}}+{{:Rab1.jpg}}
  
-===== Pelvis =====+==== Pelvis ====
  
 The Rab model uses a [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Helen_Hayes_(Davis)_Pelvis|Helen Hayes Pelvis]] model but in this tutorial we will use a [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Coda_Pelvis|Coda Pelvis]] model, which has the same coordinate system. The Rab model uses a [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Helen_Hayes_(Davis)_Pelvis|Helen Hayes Pelvis]] model but in this tutorial we will use a [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Coda_Pelvis|Coda Pelvis]] model, which has the same coordinate system.
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   - A dialogue box labeled **Enter Body Mass and Height** will open because Visual3D needs the subject to be assigned a mass and a height. For this example, Enter //56// kg and //1.77// m, and click **OK.**   - A dialogue box labeled **Enter Body Mass and Height** will open because Visual3D needs the subject to be assigned a mass and a height. For this example, Enter //56// kg and //1.77// m, and click **OK.**
  
-{{Rab2.jpg}}+{{:Rab2.jpg}}
   - A dialogue box labeled **Coda Segment Markers** will open. Select the markers so that they correspond to the figure below. Click **Close**.   - A dialogue box labeled **Coda Segment Markers** will open. Select the markers so that they correspond to the figure below. Click **Close**.
  
-{{Rab3.jpg}}+{{:Rab3.jpg}}
   - Click **Build Model** to build the segment. You should now see a pelvis segment on your standing model. If you do not see the pelvis segment after clicking **Build Model**, double check the values you entered in the last step.   - Click **Build Model** to build the segment. You should now see a pelvis segment on your standing model. If you do not see the pelvis segment after clicking **Build Model**, double check the values you entered in the last step.
  
-{{Rab4.jpg}}+{{:Rab4.jpg}}
 The hip joint center landmarks [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Coda_Pelvis#Hip_Joint_Landmarks|**RIGHT_HIP** and **LEFT_HIP**]] were created when the Pelvis segment was constructed. The hip joint center landmarks [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Segments:Coda_Pelvis#Hip_Joint_Landmarks|**RIGHT_HIP** and **LEFT_HIP**]] were created when the Pelvis segment was constructed.
  
-{{Rab5.jpg}} +{{:Rab5.jpg}} 
-===== Thorax/Ab =====+==== Thorax/Ab ====
  
 The Thorax/Ab segment is constructed from virtual landmarks on the lateral superior borders of the Iliac Crest and virtual landmarks at the shoulder joint centers. The Thorax/Ab segment is constructed from virtual landmarks on the lateral superior borders of the Iliac Crest and virtual landmarks at the shoulder joint centers.
  
-==== Iliac Crest Landmarks ====+=== Iliac Crest Landmarks ===
  
-The Iliac Crest Landmarks were estimated using the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Muscles:Overview#Terry_Database|Terry Database]] published as:+The Iliac Crest Landmarks were estimated using the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Muscles:Muscles_Overview#Terry_Database|Terry Database]] published as:
  
 **Kepple TM, Sommer HJ, Siegel KL, Standhope SJ** (1998) A three-dimensional musculoskeletal database for the lower extremities. Journal of Biomechanics 31, pp 77-80 **Kepple TM, Sommer HJ, Siegel KL, Standhope SJ** (1998) A three-dimensional musculoskeletal database for the lower extremities. Journal of Biomechanics 31, pp 77-80
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 From the Terry dataset the perpendicular distance from the x-axis to the mid-point of the PSIS landmarks (Terry landmarks 3&4) is approximately 143.5 From the Terry dataset the perpendicular distance from the x-axis to the mid-point of the PSIS landmarks (Terry landmarks 3&4) is approximately 143.5
 In Visual3D create a Subject/Model Metric to compute this distance as the distance from the SACR marker to the mid-point of the RASI and LASI markers. In Visual3D create a Subject/Model Metric to compute this distance as the distance from the SACR marker to the mid-point of the RASI and LASI markers.
-{{Rab6.jpg}}+{{:Rab6.jpg}}
 The y-component of the **RIGHT_ILIAC** landmark in Pelvis coordinates is (-54.477)*ASIS_SACR/143.5 The y-component of the **RIGHT_ILIAC** landmark in Pelvis coordinates is (-54.477)*ASIS_SACR/143.5
 Create the **RIGHT_ILIAC** Landmark using these values as. Create the **RIGHT_ILIAC** Landmark using these values as.
-{{Rab7.jpg}}+{{:Rab7.jpg}}
 In Summary: In Summary:
  
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 AP= (-54.477)*ASIS_SACR/143.5 AP= (-54.477)*ASIS_SACR/143.5
 AXIAL= (33.1)*ASIS_DISTANCE/228 AXIAL= (33.1)*ASIS_DISTANCE/228
-{{Rab8.jpg}} +{{:Rab8.jpg}} 
-==== Construct the segment ====+=== Construct the segment ===
  
 We have now created all the needed landmarks for the thorax/ab segment. To create the thorax/ab segment in Visual 3D: We have now created all the needed landmarks for the thorax/ab segment. To create the thorax/ab segment in Visual 3D:
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   - Click on **Build Model**   - Click on **Build Model**
  
-{{Rab11.jpg}}+{{:Rab11.jpg}}
  
 You should now see a thorax segment on your standing model. If you do not see the thorax segment after clicking Build Model, double check the values you entered in the last step. You should now see a thorax segment on your standing model. If you do not see the thorax segment after clicking Build Model, double check the values you entered in the last step.
  
-{{Rab12.jpg}}+{{:Rab12.jpg}}
  
 Note that the Z-axis of the segment (Blue Line) is pointing down, so we must fix that. Note that the Z-axis of the segment (Blue Line) is pointing down, so we must fix that.
  
-{{Rab13.jpg}}+{{:Rab13.jpg}}
  
 Switch to the segment properties tab, select the Thorax/Ab segment in the combo box, and select Modify Segment Coordinate System. Switch to the segment properties tab, select the Thorax/Ab segment in the combo box, and select Modify Segment Coordinate System.
  
-{{Rab14.jpg}}+{{:Rab14.jpg}}
  
 Select the AP direction to be -Y and the AXIAL direction to be -Z Select the AP direction to be -Y and the AXIAL direction to be -Z
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 Placing the proximal end of the thorax/ab segment at the pelvis essentially places two proximal ends together (e.g. the Thorax/Ab and Pelvis), but now the distal end of the Thorax/Ab segment is at the shoulders, which allows the creation of shoulder and neck joints (e.g. the arms and head are considered distal segments of the body). Placing the proximal end of the thorax/ab segment at the pelvis essentially places two proximal ends together (e.g. the Thorax/Ab and Pelvis), but now the distal end of the Thorax/Ab segment is at the shoulders, which allows the creation of shoulder and neck joints (e.g. the arms and head are considered distal segments of the body).
  
-{{Rab15.jpg}}+{{:Rab15.jpg}}
  
-===== Head =====+==== Head ====
  
 The Head segment is created from the 2 markers on the head: **REAR**, **LEAR**, and a virtual location at the **Mid-Point between C7 and STRN**. The Head segment is created from the 2 markers on the head: **REAR**, **LEAR**, and a virtual location at the **Mid-Point between C7 and STRN**.
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   - Click **Apply.**   - Click **Apply.**
  
-{{Rab16.jpg}}+{{:Rab16.jpg}}
  
 \\ \\
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   - Click on **Build Model**   - Click on **Build Model**
  
-{{Rab17.jpg}}+{{:Rab17.jpg}}
  
 You should now see a head segment on your standing model. If you do not see the head segment after clicking Build Model, double check the values you entered in the last step. The resulting model will look very strange. You should now see a head segment on your standing model. If you do not see the head segment after clicking Build Model, double check the values you entered in the last step. The resulting model will look very strange.
  
-{{Rab18.jpg}}+{{:Rab18.jpg}}
  
 \\ \\
 The coordinate system needs to be rotated to reflect our convention (x - med/lat, y - ant/post, z axial). Switch to the Segment Properties TAB, select the Head segment in the combo box, and select the button **Modify Segment Coordinate System**. The coordinate system needs to be rotated to reflect our convention (x - med/lat, y - ant/post, z axial). Switch to the Segment Properties TAB, select the Head segment in the combo box, and select the button **Modify Segment Coordinate System**.
  
-{{Rab14.jpg}}+{{:Rab14.jpg}}
  
 \\ \\
 Select the button to **Browse** for a new model file and select **head_acromium_to_ear.v3g** from the Visual3D models folder. Select the button to **Browse** for a new model file and select **head_acromium_to_ear.v3g** from the Visual3D models folder.
  
-{{Rab19.jpg}}+{{:Rab19.jpg}}
  
 \\ \\
 Select Apply. Select Apply.
  
-{{Rab20.jpg}}+{{:Rab20.jpg}}
  
 The animated model is still a little big for this dataset, but remember that this is only a graphic item, not the actual data. The animated model is still a little big for this dataset, but remember that this is only a graphic item, not the actual data.
  
-===== Upper Arm =====+==== Upper Arm ====
  
 The upper arm segment is defined by the shoulder joint centers (RSHJC and LSHJC), the elbow joint centers (REJC and LEJC) and the elbow markers (RELB and LELB). Once the elbow joint centers are calculated then the upper arm segment is created. The upper arm segment is defined by the shoulder joint centers (RSHJC and LSHJC), the elbow joint centers (REJC and LEJC) and the elbow markers (RELB and LELB). Once the elbow joint centers are calculated then the upper arm segment is created.
  
-==== Shoulder Joint Centers ====+=== Shoulder Joint Centers ===
  
 The shoulder joint center landmarks are created as offsets from the shoulder markers (**RSHO**, **LSHO**). The shoulder joint center landmarks are created as offsets from the shoulder markers (**RSHO**, **LSHO**).
  
-=== Marker_Radius Metric ===+== Marker_Radius Metric ==
  
-Before you try to build the model to this point, it is important to note that the expression for the axial offset contains the [[Model_Metrics_|Model Metric]] **Marker_Radius**+Before you try to build the model to this point, it is important to note that the expression for the axial offset contains the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Model_Metrics_|Model Metric]] **Marker_Radius**
  
 This is not a default metric in Visual3D, so the user must create this metric. This is not a default metric in Visual3D, so the user must create this metric.
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 Switch to the Model Metrics Tab in Model Builder Mode. Switch to the Model Metrics Tab in Model Builder Mode.
  
-{{Rab9.jpg}}+{{:Rab9.jpg}}
  
-Subject Data may be defined as a floating point value, string, or an [[Visual3D:Documentation:Pipeline:Expressions:Overview|expression]]. To create a new Subject Data item, click the **Add New Item** button. This will bring up a dialog to enter the new subject data Name and it's value or expression.+Subject Data may be defined as a floating point value, string, or an [[Visual3D:Documentation:Pipeline:Expressions:Expressions_Overview|expression]]. To create a new Subject Data item, click the **Add New Item** button. This will bring up a dialog to enter the new subject data Name and it's value or expression.
  
 The Subject Data name may consist of alphanumeric characters, and any other characters which are not mathematical operators. Additionally, the name may not contain spaces. Any automatically generated name which uses a segment name containing spaces will have the spaces removed from the name. The Subject Data name may consist of alphanumeric characters, and any other characters which are not mathematical operators. Additionally, the name may not contain spaces. Any automatically generated name which uses a segment name containing spaces will have the spaces removed from the name.
  
-{{Rab10.jpg}}+{{:Rab10.jpg}}
  
 After you have added the Marker_Radius value, you will be able to build the model to this point. After you have added the Marker_Radius value, you will be able to build the model to this point.
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   - Click **Apply.**   - Click **Apply.**
  
-{{RabRSHJC.jpg}}+{{:RabRSHJC.jpg}}
  
 To create the left shoulder joint center landmark **LSHJC_STATIC**: To create the left shoulder joint center landmark **LSHJC_STATIC**:
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   - Click **Apply.**   - Click **Apply.**
  
-==== Wirst and Elbow Joint Centers ====+=== Wirst and Elbow Joint Centers ===
  
 The Wrist joint centres are created as the mid-point between the medial (RWRR, LWRR) and lateral wrist markers (RWRU, LWRU).The elbow joint centers are created using the elbow markers (**RELB**, **LELB**), one of the wrist markers (**RWRU**, **LWRU**), and shoulder joint centers (**RSHJC**, **LSHJC**). The Wrist joint centres are created as the mid-point between the medial (RWRR, LWRR) and lateral wrist markers (RWRU, LWRU).The elbow joint centers are created using the elbow markers (**RELB**, **LELB**), one of the wrist markers (**RWRU**, **LWRU**), and shoulder joint centers (**RSHJC**, **LSHJC**).
  
-=== Wrist Joint Center Landmark ===+== Wrist Joint Center Landmark ==
  
 As mentioned above, the wrist joint center is the mid-point between the two wrist markers. As mentioned above, the wrist joint center is the mid-point between the two wrist markers.
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   - Click **Apply.**   - Click **Apply.**
  
-{{RabRWJC.png}}+{{:RabRWJC.png}}
  
 To create the left elbow joint center landmark **LWJC_STATIC**: To create the left elbow joint center landmark **LWJC_STATIC**:
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   - Click **Apply.**   - Click **Apply.**
  
-=== Elbow Joint Center Landmark ===+== Elbow Joint Center Landmark ==
  
 As stated previously, the elbow joint center is defined using the should joint center (RSHJC_STATIC, LSHJC_STATIC) the wrist joint center (RWJC_STATIC, LWJC_STATIC) and the elbow marker (RELB, LELB). As stated previously, the elbow joint center is defined using the should joint center (RSHJC_STATIC, LSHJC_STATIC) the wrist joint center (RWJC_STATIC, LWJC_STATIC) and the elbow marker (RELB, LELB).
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   - Click **Apply.**   - Click **Apply.**
  
-{{RabREJC.png}}+{{:RabREJC.png}}
  
 To create the left elbow joint center landmark **LEJC_STATIC**: To create the left elbow joint center landmark **LEJC_STATIC**:
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   - Click **Apply.**   - Click **Apply.**
  
-==== Create the Upper Arm Segment ====+=== Create the Upper Arm Segment ===
  
 To create the right upper arm segment in Visual 3D: To create the right upper arm segment in Visual 3D:
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   - Click on **Build Model**   - Click on **Build Model**
  
-{{RABUPARMSEG.png}}+{{:RABUPARMSEG.png}}
  
 To define the Left Upper Arm, go to the //Segment// tab and select //Left Upper Arm// from the **Segment Name** list. To define the Left Upper Arm, go to the //Segment// tab and select //Left Upper Arm// from the **Segment Name** list.
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   - Click on **Build Model**   - Click on **Build Model**
  
-===== Forearm =====+==== Forearm ====
  
 The forearm segment is defined by the elbow joint centers (REJC and LEJC), the wrist joint centers (RWJC and LWJC) and the medial wrist markers (RWRR and LWRR). The forearm segment is defined by the elbow joint centers (REJC and LEJC), the wrist joint centers (RWJC and LWJC) and the medial wrist markers (RWRR and LWRR).
  
-=== Create ELBOW landmarks ===+== Create ELBOW landmarks ==
  
 To help better track the forearm segment, we can create RT_ELBOW and LT_ELBOW landmarks. To help better track the forearm segment, we can create RT_ELBOW and LT_ELBOW landmarks.
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   - Click **Apply.**   - Click **Apply.**
  
-==== Create Forearm Segment ====+=== Create Forearm Segment ===
  
 To create the right forearm segment in Visual 3D: To create the right forearm segment in Visual 3D:
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   - Click on **Build Model**   - Click on **Build Model**
  
-{{RABFOARMSEG.png}}+{{:RABFOARMSEG.png}}
  
 You should now see a forearm segment on your standing model. If you do not see the forearm segment after clicking Build Model, double check the values you entered in the last step. You should now see a forearm segment on your standing model. If you do not see the forearm segment after clicking Build Model, double check the values you entered in the last step.
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   - Click on **Build Model**   - Click on **Build Model**
  
-===== Hand =====+==== Hand ====
  
 The hand segment is defined by the wrist joint centers (**RWJC_STATIC**, **LWJC_STATIC**), the hand joint centers (**RHDJC_STATIC**, **LHDJC_STATIC**) and the lateral wrists markers (RWRR, LWRR). The hand segment is defined by the wrist joint centers (**RWJC_STATIC**, **LWJC_STATIC**), the hand joint centers (**RHDJC_STATIC**, **LHDJC_STATIC**) and the lateral wrists markers (RWRR, LWRR).
  
-=== Hand Joint Center Landmark ===+== Hand Joint Center Landmark ==
  
 To create the right Hand joint center landmark **RHDJC_STATIC**: To create the right Hand joint center landmark **RHDJC_STATIC**:
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   - Click **Apply.**   - Click **Apply.**
  
-{{RABRHDJC_STATIC.png}}+{{:RABRHDJC_STATIC.png}}
  
 To create the left hand joint center landmark **LHDJC_STATIC**: To create the left hand joint center landmark **LHDJC_STATIC**:
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   - Click **Apply.**   - Click **Apply.**
  
-=== Creating the Hand Segment ===+== Creating the Hand Segment ==
  
 To create the right hand segment in Visual 3D: To create the right hand segment in Visual 3D:
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   - Click on **Build Model**   - Click on **Build Model**
  
-{{RABHANDSEG.png}}+{{:RABHANDSEG.png}}
  
 \\ \\
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   - Click on **Build Model**   - Click on **Build Model**
  
-=== Scaling the hand graphics ===+== Scaling the hand graphics ==
  
 The hand segments are now created. Their corresponding graphics (.v3g files) are however incorrectly scaled. The hand segments are now created. Their corresponding graphics (.v3g files) are however incorrectly scaled.
  
-{{RABSMALLHAND.png}}+{{:RABSMALLHAND.png}}
  
 To correct this for the right hand, we need to change the hand .v3g files: To correct this for the right hand, we need to change the hand .v3g files:
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   - Click **Apply**   - Click **Apply**
  
-====== Summary ======+===== Summary =====
  
 You should now have a complete upper extremity model, with the following segments created: You should now have a complete upper extremity model, with the following segments created:
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 Pelvis, Thorax/Ab, Head, Right and Left Upper Arms, Right and Left Forearm, Right and Left Hands. Pelvis, Thorax/Ab, Head, Right and Left Upper Arms, Right and Left Forearm, Right and Left Hands.
  
-====== References ======+===== References =====
  
 Rab, G, et al., "A Method for Determination of Upper Extremity Kinematics" Gait & Posture 15 (2002) 113-119 Rab, G, et al., "A Method for Determination of Upper Extremity Kinematics" Gait & Posture 15 (2002) 113-119
visual3d/tutorials/modeling/rab_upper_extremity_model.1718805963.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/06/19 14:06 by sgranger