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visual3d:tutorials:modeling:modeling_the_thorax [2024/06/14 17:32] – created sgrangervisual3d:tutorials:modeling:modeling_the_thorax [2024/07/17 15:47] (current) – created sgranger
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-|===== Contents =====\\ \\ \\ \\ * [[#Thorax_consistent_with_ISB_recommendation|1 Thorax consistent with ISB recommendation]]\\   * [[#Anatomical_Landmarks|1.1 Anatomical Landmarks]]\\   * [[#Technical_Coordinate_system_Xt,_Yt,_Zt|1.2 Technical Coordinate system X<sub>t</sub>, Y<sub>t</sub>, Z<sub>t</sub>]]\\   * [[#Visual3D_Model_Construction|1.3 Visual3D Model Construction]]\\   * [[#Scaling_the_thorax's_graphic|1.4 Scaling the thorax's graphic]]\\   * [[#ISB's_exact_coordinate_system|1.5 ISB's exact coordinate system]]\\ * [[#RAB_Thorax_Model|2 RAB Thorax Model]]\\   * [[#Iliac_Crest_Landmarks|2.1 Iliac Crest Landmarks]]\\   * [[#Construct_the_segment|2.2 Construct the segment]]\\ * [[#References|3 References]]|+====== Modeling the Thorax ======
  
 This page covers how to implement two different models of the thorax using Visual3D. This page covers how to implement two different models of the thorax using Visual3D.
  
-===== Thorax consistent with ISB recommendation =====+==== Thorax consistent with ISB recommendation ====
  
 This tutorial describes how to model the Thorax based on the ISB recommendation. This tutorial describes how to model the Thorax based on the ISB recommendation.
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 **Note:** Minor changes were made to the recommendation to facilitate its implementation in Visual3D and for consistency with other commonly used coordinate systems. Users are encouraged to adapt these to their own needs and requirements. The following should mainly be used as a starting point, and not as the only way to define the Thorax segment. **Note:** Minor changes were made to the recommendation to facilitate its implementation in Visual3D and for consistency with other commonly used coordinate systems. Users are encouraged to adapt these to their own needs and requirements. The following should mainly be used as a starting point, and not as the only way to define the Thorax segment.
  
-[[File:Thorax_ab_1.jpg|{{/images/thumb/d/d7/Thorax_ab_1.jpg/400px-Thorax_ab_1.jpg?400x360}}]]+{{:Thorax_ab_1.jpg}}
  
-==== Anatomical Landmarks ====+=== Anatomical Landmarks ===
  
 **CV7**: Spinal process of the 7th cervical vertebra\\ **CV7**: Spinal process of the 7th cervical vertebra\\
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 With the subject standing up, ask them to place one of their arms behind their back with their elbow flexed at 90 degree, so that their forearm crosses their spine in a perpendicular manner. Place the lower posterior thoracic marker on the spine, "2 fingers" above their arm. With the subject standing up, ask them to place one of their arms behind their back with their elbow flexed at 90 degree, so that their forearm crosses their spine in a perpendicular manner. Place the lower posterior thoracic marker on the spine, "2 fingers" above their arm.
  
-==== Technical Coordinate system Xt, Yt, Zt ====+=== Technical Coordinate system Xt, Yt, Zt ===
  
 **Origin**: The origin coincident with the mid-point between IJ and CV7.\\ **Origin**: The origin coincident with the mid-point between IJ and CV7.\\
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-==== Visual3D Model Construction ====+=== Visual3D Model Construction ===
  
 The file //Thorax_Static.c3d// can be downloaded for this tutorial. Alternatively, you can also use your own data, with a similar markerset. The file //Thorax_Static.c3d// can be downloaded for this tutorial. Alternatively, you can also use your own data, with a similar markerset.
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   - Click **Apply.**   - Click **Apply.**
  
-[[File:MID_IJCV7.png|{{/images/0/0d/MID_IJCV7.png?400x472}}]]\\+{{:MID_IJCV7.png}}\\
  
  
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   - Click **Apply.**   - Click **Apply.**
  
-[[File:THORAX_X.png|{{/images/2/20/THORAX_X.png?400x451}}]]\\+{{:THORAX_X.png}}\\
  
  
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   - Click on **Build Model**   - Click on **Build Model**
  
-[[File:THORAXTUSEGDEF.png|{{/images/9/90/THORAXTUSEGDEF.png?400x513}}]]+{{:THORAXTUSEGDEF.png}}
  
-==== Scaling the thorax's graphic ====+=== Scaling the thorax's graphic ===
  
 You should now see a thorax segment on your standing model. The thorax graphic is not oriented or scaled correctly. If you do not see the thorax segment after clicking Build Model, double check the values you entered in the last step. We now need to rotate the thorax graphic to the correct orientation. To orient the thorax skeleton graphic. You should now see a thorax segment on your standing model. The thorax graphic is not oriented or scaled correctly. If you do not see the thorax segment after clicking Build Model, double check the values you entered in the last step. We now need to rotate the thorax graphic to the correct orientation. To orient the thorax skeleton graphic.
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 **Note:** The scaling and position (move) values are specific to this tutorial's dataset. The values may vary if using your own dataset. **Note:** The scaling and position (move) values are specific to this tutorial's dataset. The values may vary if using your own dataset.
  
-[[File:THORAX_SEG.png|{{/images/thumb/1/19/THORAX_SEG.png/400px-THORAX_SEG.png?400x435}}]]+{{:THORAX_SEG.png}}
  
-==== ISB's exact coordinate system ====+=== ISB's exact coordinate system ===
  
 Once the above Thorax segment has been created, it is very easy to create another Thorax segment to the ISB's exact specifications.\\ Once the above Thorax segment has been created, it is very easy to create another Thorax segment to the ISB's exact specifications.\\
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   - Click **Apply.**   - Click **Apply.**
  
-[[File:THORAX_ISB_Z.png|{{/images/2/24/THORAX_ISB_Z.png?400x475}}]]+{{:THORAX_ISB_Z.png}}
  
 To create the **THORAX_ISB_Y** landmark: To create the **THORAX_ISB_Y** landmark:
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   - Click **OK**   - Click **OK**
  
-[[File:THORAX_ISB.png|{{/images/thumb/e/e5/THORAX_ISB.png/400px-THORAX_ISB.png?400x552}}]]+{{:THORAX_ISB.png}}
  
-===== RAB Thorax Model =====+==== RAB Thorax Model ====
  
 Model based on the upper extremity model developed by Dr. George Rab, Kyria Petuskey, and Anita Bagley from Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California. Refer to their paper "A Method for Determination of Upper Extremity Kinematics" Gait & Posture 15 (2002) 113-119 for the exact model specifics ([[http://www.iprmd.org/downloads/publications/bagley/A_Method_for_Determination_of_Upper_Extremity_Kinematics.pdf|Download here]]). Another article using the Rab upper body model can be [[http://www.iprmd.org/downloads/publications/james/27_Upper.pdf|downloaded here]].\\ Model based on the upper extremity model developed by Dr. George Rab, Kyria Petuskey, and Anita Bagley from Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California. Refer to their paper "A Method for Determination of Upper Extremity Kinematics" Gait & Posture 15 (2002) 113-119 for the exact model specifics ([[http://www.iprmd.org/downloads/publications/bagley/A_Method_for_Determination_of_Upper_Extremity_Kinematics.pdf|Download here]]). Another article using the Rab upper body model can be [[http://www.iprmd.org/downloads/publications/james/27_Upper.pdf|downloaded here]].\\
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 The Thorax/Ab segment is constructed from virtual landmarks on the lateral superior borders of the Iliac Crest and virtual landmarks at the shoulder joint centers. The Thorax/Ab segment is constructed from virtual landmarks on the lateral superior borders of the Iliac Crest and virtual landmarks at the shoulder joint centers.
  
-==== Iliac Crest Landmarks ====+=== Iliac Crest Landmarks ===
  
-The Iliac Crest Landmarks were estimated using the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Muscles:Overview#Terry_Database|Terry Database]] published as:+The Iliac Crest Landmarks were estimated using the [[Visual3D:Documentation:Modeling:Muscles:Muscles_Overview#Terry_Database|Terry Database]] published as:
  
 **Kepple TM, Sommer HJ, Siegel KL, Standhope SJ** (1998) A three-dimensional musculoskeletal database for the lower extremities. Journal of Biomechanics 31, pp 77-80 **Kepple TM, Sommer HJ, Siegel KL, Standhope SJ** (1998) A three-dimensional musculoskeletal database for the lower extremities. Journal of Biomechanics 31, pp 77-80
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 From the Terry dataset the perpendicular distance from the x-axis to the mid-point of the PSIS landmarks (Terry landmarks 3&4) is approximately 143.5 From the Terry dataset the perpendicular distance from the x-axis to the mid-point of the PSIS landmarks (Terry landmarks 3&4) is approximately 143.5
 In Visual3D create a Subject/Model Metric to compute this distance as the distance from the SACR marker to the mid-point of the RASI and LASI markers. In Visual3D create a Subject/Model Metric to compute this distance as the distance from the SACR marker to the mid-point of the RASI and LASI markers.
-[[File:Rab6.jpg|{{/images/b/b2/Rab6.jpg?468x414}}]]+{{:Rab6.jpg}}
 The y-component of the **RIGHT_ILIAC** landmark in Pelvis coordinates is (-54.477)*ASIS_SACR/143.5 The y-component of the **RIGHT_ILIAC** landmark in Pelvis coordinates is (-54.477)*ASIS_SACR/143.5
 Create the **RIGHT_ILIAC** Landmark using these values as. Create the **RIGHT_ILIAC** Landmark using these values as.
-[[File:Rab7.jpg|{{/images/e/e9/Rab7.jpg?380x425}}]]+{{:Rab7.jpg}}
 In Summary: In Summary:
  
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 AP= (-54.477)*ASIS_SACR/143.5 AP= (-54.477)*ASIS_SACR/143.5
 AXIAL= (33.1)*ASIS_DISTANCE/228 AXIAL= (33.1)*ASIS_DISTANCE/228
-[[File:Rab8.jpg|{{/images/3/35/Rab8.jpg?423x342}}]] +{{:Rab8.jpg}} 
-==== Construct the segment ====+=== Construct the segment ===
  
 We have now created all the needed landmarks for the thorax/ab segment. To create the thorax/ab segment in Visual 3D: We have now created all the needed landmarks for the thorax/ab segment. To create the thorax/ab segment in Visual 3D:
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   - Click on **Build Model**   - Click on **Build Model**
  
-[[File:Rab11.jpg|{{/images/3/3e/Rab11.jpg?379x487}}]]+{{:Rab11.jpg}}
  
 You should now see a thorax segment on your standing model. If you do not see the thorax segment after clicking Build Model, double check the values you entered in the last step. You should now see a thorax segment on your standing model. If you do not see the thorax segment after clicking Build Model, double check the values you entered in the last step.
  
-[[File:Rab12.jpg|{{/images/3/32/Rab12.jpg?259x397}}]]+{{:Rab12.jpg}}
  
 Note that the Z-axis of the segment (Blue Line) is pointing down, so we must fix that. Note that the Z-axis of the segment (Blue Line) is pointing down, so we must fix that.
  
-[[File:Rab13.jpg|{{/images/7/78/Rab13.jpg?380x469}}]]+{{:Rab13.jpg}}
  
 Switch to the segment properties tab, select the Thorax/Ab segment in the combo box, and select Modify Segment Coordinate System. Switch to the segment properties tab, select the Thorax/Ab segment in the combo box, and select Modify Segment Coordinate System.
  
-[[File:Rab14.jpg|{{/images/1/11/Rab14.jpg?324x318}}]]+{{:Rab14.jpg}}
  
 Select the AP direction to be -Y and the AXIAL direction to be -Z Select the AP direction to be -Y and the AXIAL direction to be -Z
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 Placing the proximal end of the thorax/ab segment at the pelvis essentially places two proximal ends together (e.g. the Thorax/Ab and Pelvis), but now the distal end of the Thorax/Ab segment is at the shoulders, which allows the creation of shoulder and neck joints (e.g. the arms and head are considered distal segments of the body). Placing the proximal end of the thorax/ab segment at the pelvis essentially places two proximal ends together (e.g. the Thorax/Ab and Pelvis), but now the distal end of the Thorax/Ab segment is at the shoulders, which allows the creation of shoulder and neck joints (e.g. the arms and head are considered distal segments of the body).
  
-[[File:Rab15.jpg|{{/images/e/e7/Rab15.jpg?261x383}}]]+{{:Rab15.jpg}}
  
-===== References =====+==== References ====
  
 **ISB Thorax**: Wu, Ge, et al. "ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion—Part II: shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand." Journal of biomechanics 38.5 (2005): 981-992. **ISB Thorax**: Wu, Ge, et al. "ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate systems of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion—Part II: shoulder, elbow, wrist and hand." Journal of biomechanics 38.5 (2005): 981-992.
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 **RAB Thorax**: Rab, George, Kyria Petuskey, and Anita Bagley. "A method for determination of upper extremity kinematics." Gait & posture 15.2 (2002): 113-119. **RAB Thorax**: Rab, George, Kyria Petuskey, and Anita Bagley. "A method for determination of upper extremity kinematics." Gait & posture 15.2 (2002): 113-119.
  
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-Retrieved from "" 
  
  
visual3d/tutorials/modeling/modeling_the_thorax.1718386358.txt.gz · Last modified: 2024/06/14 17:32 by sgranger